Add spray brush, paint interval, and per-channel paint opacity

Spray brush mode: bakes a procedural scattered-dot mask per stamp (random
position, size, alpha within the brush disc) and paints it through the
existing single-stamp pipeline; dot centers clamped to (0.5 - dotR) so the
spray footprint matches the solid brush radius.

Paint interval: float on MeshPainter; 0 keeps the continuous interpolated
stroke, >0 emits a single timed dab every x.xx seconds.

Color picker alpha: horizontal alpha bar on both HSV pickers, runtime-built
in Rebind (no prefab re-bake), passed through to brushColor.a / emissionColor.a.

Metallic/smoothness + occlusion paint opacity: new opacity fields applied in
both CPU and GPU backends (GPU MSO draw split into MS and occlusion sub-stamps
for independent opacity), with cloned alpha sliders wired into the HUD.

Also includes the prefab layout tweaks and scene adjustments.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Assets/Prefabs/PaintHudPanel.prefab

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Assets/Scenes/SampleScene.unity

@@ -446,6 +446,12 @@ MonoBehaviour:
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+  sprayDotAlphaMin: 0.25
+  sprayDotAlphaMax: 1
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   paintAlbedo: 1
   paintMetallicSmoothness: 0
@@ -465,6 +471,7 @@ MonoBehaviour:
   brushAlignment: 0
   brushRotation: 0
   paintOnMoveOnly: 1
+  paintInterval: 0
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@@ -1412,6 +1419,12 @@ MonoBehaviour:
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+  sprayDotAlphaMin: 0.25
+  sprayDotAlphaMax: 1
   useGpu: 1
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   paintMetallicSmoothness: 0
@@ -1431,6 +1444,7 @@ MonoBehaviour:
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   serializedVersion: 2
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-  m_LocalScale: {x: 10, y: 10, z: 10}
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@@ -2775,6 +2795,7 @@ MonoBehaviour:
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Assets/Scripts/HsvColorPicker.cs

@@ -3,27 +3,35 @@ using UnityEngine;
 using UnityEngine.UI;
 
 /// <summary>
-/// Compact runtime HSV colour picker: a saturation/value square, a hue bar and a live swatch.
+/// Compact runtime HSV colour picker: a saturation/value square, a hue bar, an alpha bar and a
-/// The square is a pure-hue base with two static gradient overlays on top (white-out ->
+/// live swatch. The square is a pure-hue base with two static gradient overlays on top (white-out
-/// saturation, black-out -> value), so only the base tint changes per hue - no per-frame
+/// -> saturation, black-out -> value), so only the base tint changes per hue - no per-frame
 /// texture rebuilds. Hue is never lost while dragging the square (the square only edits S/V,
-/// the bar only edits H).
+/// the bar only edits H, the alpha bar only edits A).
 ///
 /// <see cref="Build"/> creates the child structure (stable names, no sprites or hooks); it can
 /// be baked into a prefab. <see cref="Rebind"/> then (re)assigns the runtime gradient sprites
 /// (which a prefab cannot store) and (re)hooks the drag relays - it runs for both the code-built
-/// picker and one instantiated from a prefab, so the two are behaviourally identical.
+/// picker and one instantiated from a prefab, so the two are behaviourally identical. For a prefab
+/// baked before the alpha bar existed it also builds that bar on the fly (and grows the picker's
+/// reserved layout height), so no re-bake is required.
 /// </summary>
 public class HsvColorPicker : MonoBehaviour
 {
-    /// <summary>Raised with the new colour when the user moves the square or hue bar.</summary>
+    /// <summary>Raised with the new colour when the user moves the square, hue bar or alpha bar.</summary>
     public event Action<Color> Changed;
 
     private float _h, _s, _v, _a = 1f;
 
+    // Gap between the stacked square / hue / alpha rows (matches the layout in Build).
+    private const float RowGap = 6f;
+    private static readonly Color AlphaBackdrop = new Color(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1f);
+
     private Image _hueBase;          // pure-hue background of the SV square
     private RectTransform _svHandle;
     private RectTransform _hueHandle;
+    private Image _alphaGrad;        // colour-tinted transparency ramp of the alpha bar
+    private RectTransform _alphaHandle;
     private Image _swatch;
 
     /// <summary>Current colour (HSV -> RGB, with the preserved alpha).</summary>
@@ -46,9 +54,10 @@ public class HsvColorPicker : MonoBehaviour
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Builds the picker structure (square + hue bar + swatch) under this object, top-left aligned.
+    /// Builds the picker structure (square + hue bar + alpha bar + swatch) under this object,
-    /// Layout only - no gradient sprites and no event hooks, so the result is safe to bake into a
+    /// top-left aligned. Layout only - no gradient sprites and no event hooks, so the result is
-    /// prefab. Call <see cref="Rebind"/> afterwards (at runtime) to make it functional.
+    /// safe to bake into a prefab. Call <see cref="Rebind"/> afterwards (at runtime) to make it
+    /// functional.
     /// </summary>
     public void Build(float squareSize, float hueHeight)
     {
@@ -68,7 +77,7 @@ public class HsvColorPicker : MonoBehaviour
 
         // Hue bar below the square.
         var hue = PaintHud.NewRect("Hue", transform);
-        TopLeft(hue, new Vector2(0f, -(squareSize + 6f)), new Vector2(squareSize, hueHeight));
+        TopLeft(hue, new Vector2(0f, -(squareSize + RowGap)), new Vector2(squareSize, hueHeight));
         var hueImg = hue.gameObject.AddComponent<Image>();
         hueImg.type = Image.Type.Simple;
 
@@ -78,12 +87,41 @@ public class HsvColorPicker : MonoBehaviour
         hueHandle.sizeDelta = new Vector2(4f, hueHeight + 4f);
         PaintHud.AddImage(hueHandle.gameObject, Color.white).raycastTarget = false;
 
+        // Alpha bar below the hue bar.
+        BuildAlphaBar(sv, hue);
+
         // Swatch, to the right of the square.
         var sw = PaintHud.NewRect("Swatch", transform);
         TopLeft(sw, new Vector2(squareSize + 10f, 0f), new Vector2(34f, 34f));
         PaintHud.AddImage(sw.gameObject, Color.white).raycastTarget = false;
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Builds the alpha bar (grey backdrop + colour-tinted transparency ramp + drag relay + handle)
+    /// directly below the hue bar, sized/positioned from the existing SV square and hue bar so it
+    /// works for both a fresh build and an older baked prefab. Sprites/hooks are applied by
+    /// <see cref="Rebind"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    private RectTransform BuildAlphaBar(RectTransform sv, RectTransform hue)
+    {
+        float width = sv.sizeDelta.x;
+        float barHeight = hue.sizeDelta.y;
+        float y = hue.anchoredPosition.y - (barHeight + RowGap);
+
+        var alpha = PaintHud.NewRect("Alpha", transform);
+        TopLeft(alpha, new Vector2(0f, y), new Vector2(width, barHeight));
+        PaintHud.AddImage(alpha.gameObject, AlphaBackdrop); // raycast target for the drag relay
+
+        PaintHud.AddOverlay(alpha, "AlphaGrad"); // tinted alpha ramp, sprite assigned in Rebind
+
+        alpha.gameObject.AddComponent<UiPointerSurface>();
+
+        var handle = PaintHud.NewRect("Handle", alpha);
+        handle.sizeDelta = new Vector2(4f, barHeight + 4f);
+        PaintHud.AddImage(handle.gameObject, Color.white).raycastTarget = false;
+        return alpha;
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Re-finds the child widgets, (re)assigns the runtime gradient sprites and (re)hooks the drag
     /// relays. Idempotent (unsubscribe-then-subscribe), so it is safe whether the structure was just
@@ -110,7 +148,7 @@ public class HsvColorPicker : MonoBehaviour
             }
         }
 
-        var hue = transform.Find("Hue");
+        var hue = transform.Find("Hue") as RectTransform;
         if (hue)
         {
             if (hue.TryGetComponent(out Image hueImg)) hueImg.sprite = PaintHud.HueSprite();
@@ -123,12 +161,48 @@ public class HsvColorPicker : MonoBehaviour
             }
         }
 
+        // Alpha bar: build it if the (older) prefab lacks it, then (re)assign sprite + relay.
+        var alpha = transform.Find("Alpha") as RectTransform;
+        bool builtAlpha = false;
+        if (!alpha && sv is RectTransform svRect && hue)
+        {
+            alpha = BuildAlphaBar(svRect, hue);
+            builtAlpha = true;
+        }
+        if (alpha)
+        {
+            var grad = alpha.Find("AlphaGrad");
+            if (grad && grad.TryGetComponent(out Image gradImg))
+            {
+                gradImg.sprite = PaintHud.AlphaSprite();
+                _alphaGrad = gradImg;
+            }
+            _alphaHandle = alpha.Find("Handle") as RectTransform;
+
+            if (alpha.TryGetComponent(out UiPointerSurface alphaPointer))
+            {
+                alphaPointer.Picked -= OnAlphaPicked;
+                alphaPointer.Picked += OnAlphaPicked;
+            }
+
+            if (builtAlpha) GrowReservedHeight(alpha.sizeDelta.y + RowGap);
+        }
+
         var swatch = transform.Find("Swatch");
         if (swatch) _swatch = swatch.GetComponent<Image>();
 
         Refresh();
     }
 
+    /// <summary>Grows this picker's LayoutElement so a runtime-added alpha bar does not overlap the
+    /// widget below it; the panel's ContentSizeFitter then expands to match. No-op without a LayoutElement.</summary>
+    private void GrowReservedHeight(float extra)
+    {
+        if (!TryGetComponent(out LayoutElement le)) return;
+        if (le.minHeight > 0f) le.minHeight += extra;
+        if (le.preferredHeight > 0f) le.preferredHeight += extra;
+    }
+
     private void OnSvPicked(Vector2 p)
     {
         _s = p.x;
@@ -144,6 +218,13 @@ public class HsvColorPicker : MonoBehaviour
         Changed?.Invoke(Value);
     }
 
+    private void OnAlphaPicked(Vector2 p)
+    {
+        _a = p.x;
+        Refresh();
+        Changed?.Invoke(Value);
+    }
+
     private void Refresh()
     {
         if (_hueBase) _hueBase.color = Color.HSVToRGB(_h, 1f, 1f);
@@ -157,6 +238,12 @@ public class HsvColorPicker : MonoBehaviour
             _hueHandle.anchorMin = _hueHandle.anchorMax = new Vector2(_h, 0.5f);
             _hueHandle.anchoredPosition = Vector2.zero;
         }
+        if (_alphaGrad) _alphaGrad.color = Color.HSVToRGB(_h, _s, _v); // tint the transparency ramp to the current colour
+        if (_alphaHandle)
+        {
+            _alphaHandle.anchorMin = _alphaHandle.anchorMax = new Vector2(_a, 0.5f);
+            _alphaHandle.anchoredPosition = Vector2.zero;
+        }
         if (_swatch) _swatch.color = Color.HSVToRGB(_h, _s, _v);
     }
 

Assets/Scripts/MeshPainter.Cpu.cs

@@ -112,6 +112,8 @@ public partial class MeshPainter
         float msoR = Mathf.Clamp01(metallic) * 255f;    // metallic
         float msoG = Mathf.Clamp01(occlusion) * 255f;   // occlusion
         float msoA = Mathf.Clamp01(smoothness) * 255f;  // smoothness
+        float msOpMul = Mathf.Clamp01(metallicSmoothnessOpacity); // metallic+smoothness paint opacity
+        float aoOpMul = Mathf.Clamp01(occlusionOpacity);          // occlusion paint opacity
         CpuMap mso = _cpu[MAP_MSO];
         bool aMSO = aMS || aAO;
 
@@ -210,14 +212,16 @@ public partial class MeshPainter
 
                     if (aMSO)
                     {
-                        // Mask map blend (op = mask, no extra alpha multiplier). Metallic(R) +
+                        // Mask map blend. Metallic(R) + smoothness(A) blend with the MS opacity,
-                        // smoothness(A) only when painting MS; occlusion(G) only when painting AO.
+                        // occlusion(G) with its own opacity - each = mask * the channel's opacity
-                        // Untouched channels keep their previous value; B stays 0.
+                        // multiplier (the albedo brushColor.a equivalent). Untouched channels keep
+                        // their previous value; B stays 0.
                         Color32 dst = mso.pixels[idx];
-                        float it = 1f - maskOp;
+                        float msOp = maskOp * msOpMul;
-                        byte mr = aMS ? (byte)(dst.r * it + msoR * maskOp) : dst.r;
+                        float aoOp = maskOp * aoOpMul;
-                        byte mg = aAO ? (byte)(dst.g * it + msoG * maskOp) : dst.g;
+                        byte mr = aMS ? (byte)(dst.r * (1f - msOp) + msoR * msOp) : dst.r;
-                        byte ma = aMS ? (byte)(dst.a * it + msoA * maskOp) : dst.a;
+                        byte mg = aAO ? (byte)(dst.g * (1f - aoOp) + msoG * aoOp) : dst.g;
+                        byte ma = aMS ? (byte)(dst.a * (1f - msOp) + msoA * msOp) : dst.a;
                         mso.pixels[idx] = new Color32(mr, mg, 0, ma);
                         mso.painted[idx] = true;
                         ExpandDirty(mso, x, y);

Assets/Scripts/MeshPainter.Gpu.cs

@@ -182,27 +182,59 @@ public partial class MeshPainter
             Graphics.SetRenderTarget(gm.display);
             GL.sRGBWrite = gm.sRGB; // sRGB color map vs linear data map (MS)
 
-            SetBrushColorForMap(mi);
+            // Stamp placement is shared by every draw on this map.
-            // Per-channel write mask: lets the shared mask map (R=metallic, G=smoothness work,
+            _brushMat.SetTexture(MaskTexId, _stampMask);
-            // B=occlusion) be painted by metallic/smoothness and occlusion INDEPENDENTLY -
-            // untouched channels keep their value while coverage (A) still accumulates.
-            _brushMat.SetFloat(ColorWriteMaskId, BrushColorMaskForMap(mi));
-            _brushMat.SetTexture(MaskTexId, _resolvedMask);
             _brushMat.SetVector(BrushCenterId, pLocal);
             _brushMat.SetFloat(BrushRadiusId, radiusLocal);
             _brushMat.SetVector(BrushUId, u);
             _brushMat.SetVector(BrushVId, v);
             _brushMat.SetVector(BrushNormalId, n);
-            if (!_brushMat.SetPass(0)) continue;
 
-            int sub = _bakedMesh.subMeshCount;
+            if (mi == MAP_MSO)
-            for (int i = 0; i < sub; i++)
+            {
-                Graphics.DrawMeshNow(_bakedMesh, Matrix4x4.identity, i);
+                // Metallic/smoothness and occlusion share one texture but paint with their OWN
+                // opacity, so each is a separate stamp (own _BrushColor.a + per-channel write
+                // mask). Untouched channels keep their value while coverage (A) accumulates.
+                if (paintMetallicSmoothness)
+                    StampMso(Mathf.Clamp01(metallicSmoothnessOpacity), 13f); // R|G|A (skip B = occlusion)
+                if (paintOcclusion)
+                    StampMso(Mathf.Clamp01(occlusionOpacity), 3f);           // B|A (occlusion only)
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Albedo / emission: full RGBA, opacity carried by the colour's own alpha.
+                _brushMat.SetColor(BrushColorId, mi == MAP_ALBEDO ? brushColor : emissionColor);
+                _brushMat.SetFloat(ColorWriteMaskId, 15f);
+                DrawStamp();
+            }
 
             gm.drew = true;
         }
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Issues one mask-map stamp: raw (metallic, smoothness, occlusion) data with the given paint
+    /// opacity in alpha and a per-channel colour write mask, so metallic/smoothness and occlusion
+    /// stay independently paintable with their own opacity. EncodeData pre-compensates the Color
+    /// property's sRGB->linear upload so the values round-trip exactly (CPU parity); alpha is not converted.
+    /// </summary>
+    private void StampMso(float opacity, float colorMask)
+    {
+        _brushMat.SetVector(BrushColorId, new Vector4(
+            EncodeData(metallic), EncodeData(smoothness), EncodeData(occlusion), opacity));
+        _brushMat.SetFloat(ColorWriteMaskId, colorMask);
+        DrawStamp();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Draws the baked mesh once per sub-mesh with the current brush pass (UV-space rasterization).</summary>
+    private void DrawStamp()
+    {
+        if (!_brushMat.SetPass(0)) return;
+        int sub = _bakedMesh.subMeshCount;
+        for (int i = 0; i < sub; i++)
+            Graphics.DrawMeshNow(_bakedMesh, Matrix4x4.identity, i);
+    }
+
     private void EndGpuStroke()
     {
         Graphics.SetRenderTarget(null);
@@ -230,33 +262,6 @@ public partial class MeshPainter
         GL.sRGBWrite = _prevSRGB;
     }
 
-    /// <summary>Sets _BrushColor for the given map. Albedo/emission are colors; the mask map packs (metallic, smoothness, occlusion) as raw data.</summary>
-    private void SetBrushColorForMap(int mi)
-    {
-        switch (mi)
-        {
-            case MAP_ALBEDO:
-                _brushMat.SetColor(BrushColorId, brushColor);
-                break;
-            case MAP_MSO:
-                // Raw data via SetVector. Work layout: R=metallic, G=smoothness, B=occlusion
-                // (ColorMask picks the channels). _BrushColor is a Color property, so Unity
-                // applies sRGB->linear on upload in a linear project - we pre-apply the inverse
-                // so the data round-trips EXACTLY and matches the CPU's raw byte writes.
-                _brushMat.SetVector(BrushColorId, new Vector4(
-                    EncodeData(metallic), EncodeData(smoothness), EncodeData(occlusion), 1f));
-                break;
-            default: // emission
-                _brushMat.SetColor(BrushColorId, emissionColor);
-                break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// ColorMask bitmask for the brush draw (ColorWriteMask: R=8, G=4, B=2, A=1). Color maps
-    /// write everything; the mask map writes only the active sub-channels so metallic/smoothness
-    /// and occlusion can be painted independently into one texture. Coverage (A) is always written.
-    /// </summary>
     /// <summary>
     /// Pre-compensates a raw data value (0..1) for the brush's Color property, which Unity
     /// converts sRGB->linear on upload in a linear project. Applying the inverse here makes
@@ -268,13 +273,4 @@ public partial class MeshPainter
         v = Mathf.Clamp01(v);
         return QualitySettings.activeColorSpace == ColorSpace.Linear ? Mathf.LinearToGammaSpace(v) : v;
     }
-
-    private float BrushColorMaskForMap(int mi)
-    {
-        if (mi != MAP_MSO) return 15f; // RGBA
-        bool ms = paintMetallicSmoothness, occ = paintOcclusion;
-        if (ms && occ) return 15f;     // R|G|B|A
-        if (ms) return 13f;            // R|G|A  (skip B = occlusion)
-        return 3f;                     // B|A    (skip R,G = metallic/smoothness) -> occlusion only
-    }
 }

Assets/Scripts/MeshPainter.Spray.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+using UnityEngine;
+
+public partial class MeshPainter
+{
+    // --- Spray can brush ---
+    //
+    // Instead of one solid stamp, the spray scatters many small dots (random position,
+    // size and alpha) within the brush footprint. It is implemented by baking those dots
+    // into a fresh procedural MASK each stamp and then painting that mask with ONE normal
+    // brush stamp. This reuses the entire seam-bridging / curvature-following / per-channel
+    // pipeline as-is and costs a single mesh draw per stamp (not one per dot). Because the
+    // per-dot alpha lives in the mask value, it flows into every channel (albedo, mask map,
+    // emission) automatically - on both the GPU and CPU backends.
+
+    [Header("Brush - spray can")]
+    [Tooltip("Spray-can mode: scatter random dots (position, size, alpha) within the brush " +
+             "radius instead of a single solid stamp. The dots are baked into the brush mask, " +
+             "so this works on all channels and both backends.")]
+    public bool spray = false;
+
+    [Tooltip("Number of dots scattered per stamp.")]
+    [Range(1, 128)]
+    public int sprayDots = 24;
+
+    [Tooltip("Dot diameter as a fraction of the brush diameter (randomized per dot between min and max).")]
+    [Range(0.01f, 1f)]
+    public float sprayDotSizeMin = 0.05f;
+
+    [Tooltip("Dot diameter as a fraction of the brush diameter (randomized per dot between min and max).")]
+    [Range(0.01f, 1f)]
+    public float sprayDotSizeMax = 0.18f;
+
+    [Tooltip("Per-dot opacity (randomized per dot between min and max). Multiplied on top of the channel color's alpha.")]
+    [Range(0f, 1f)]
+    public float sprayDotAlphaMin = 0.25f;
+
+    [Tooltip("Per-dot opacity (randomized per dot between min and max). Multiplied on top of the channel color's alpha.")]
+    [Range(0f, 1f)]
+    public float sprayDotAlphaMax = 1f;
+
+    // Resolution of the per-stamp spray mask (square). Small + reused so regenerating it
+    // every stamp stays cheap.
+    private const int SprayRes = 128;
+    private const float SprayDotSoftEdge = 0.4f; // fraction of the dot radius that fades to 0
+
+    private Texture2D _sprayTex;        // the baked spray mask uploaded to the brush
+    private Color32[] _sprayPixels;     // reused upload buffer
+    private float[] _sprayOpacity;      // reused per-texel opacity (CPU sampling)
+
+    // --- Active stamp mask (indirection shared by both backends) ---
+    // The standard mask cache (_resolvedMask / _maskOpacity / _maskW / _maskH) stays the
+    // canonical resolved mask used by the preview. _stamp* is what the CURRENT stamp paints
+    // with - the resolved mask for normal painting, or a fresh spray mask in spray mode.
+    private Texture2D _stampMask;
+    private float[] _stampOpacity;
+    private int _stampW, _stampH;
+
+    /// <summary>Points the active stamp mask at the resolved standard mask (normal painting).</summary>
+    private void UseResolvedStampMask()
+    {
+        _stampMask = _resolvedMask;
+        _stampOpacity = _maskOpacity;
+        _stampW = _maskW;
+        _stampH = _maskH;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Bakes a fresh random spray pattern into the spray mask and makes it the active stamp
+    /// mask. Each dot gets a random center inside the brush disc, a random diameter and a
+    /// random opacity; dots composite by max so overlaps never exceed full opacity.
+    /// </summary>
+    private void BuildSprayStampMask()
+    {
+        EnsureSprayBuffers();
+
+        System.Array.Clear(_sprayOpacity, 0, _sprayOpacity.Length);
+
+        int dots = Mathf.Max(1, sprayDots);
+        float sizeLo = Mathf.Clamp(Mathf.Min(sprayDotSizeMin, sprayDotSizeMax), 0.01f, 1f);
+        float sizeHi = Mathf.Clamp(Mathf.Max(sprayDotSizeMin, sprayDotSizeMax), 0.01f, 1f);
+        float alphaLo = Mathf.Clamp01(Mathf.Min(sprayDotAlphaMin, sprayDotAlphaMax));
+        float alphaHi = Mathf.Clamp01(Mathf.Max(sprayDotAlphaMin, sprayDotAlphaMax));
+
+        for (int k = 0; k < dots; k++)
+        {
+            // Diameter is a fraction of the brush diameter -> uv radius = fraction * 0.5.
+            float dotR = Mathf.Max(0.5f / SprayRes, Random.Range(sizeLo, sizeHi) * 0.5f);
+            float alpha = Random.Range(alphaLo, alphaHi);
+            // Keep the WHOLE dot inside the brush disc (uv radius 0.5 = the brush radius) so the
+            // spray footprint matches the normal brush instead of bleeding past it by dotR.
+            float centerR = Mathf.Max(0f, 0.5f - dotR);
+            Vector2 c = Random.insideUnitCircle * centerR + new Vector2(0.5f, 0.5f);
+
+            SplatDot(c.x, c.y, dotR, alpha);
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < _sprayOpacity.Length; i++)
+        {
+            byte g = (byte)(Mathf.Clamp01(_sprayOpacity[i]) * 255f + 0.5f);
+            _sprayPixels[i] = new Color32(g, g, g, 255);
+        }
+        _sprayTex.SetPixels32(_sprayPixels);
+        _sprayTex.Apply(false);
+
+        _stampMask = _sprayTex;
+        _stampOpacity = _sprayOpacity;
+        _stampW = SprayRes;
+        _stampH = SprayRes;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Rasterizes one soft dot (center/radius in uv, value = alpha) into the opacity buffer, compositing by max.</summary>
+    private void SplatDot(float cx, float cy, float r, float alpha)
+    {
+        if (alpha <= 0f) return;
+
+        float inner = 1f - SprayDotSoftEdge; // solid core up to this normalized distance, then fade
+        int minX = Mathf.Max(0, Mathf.FloorToInt((cx - r) * SprayRes));
+        int maxX = Mathf.Min(SprayRes - 1, Mathf.CeilToInt((cx + r) * SprayRes));
+        int minY = Mathf.Max(0, Mathf.FloorToInt((cy - r) * SprayRes));
+        int maxY = Mathf.Min(SprayRes - 1, Mathf.CeilToInt((cy + r) * SprayRes));
+        float invR = 1f / r;
+
+        for (int y = minY; y <= maxY; y++)
+        {
+            float vY = (y + 0.5f) / SprayRes;
+            int row = y * SprayRes;
+            for (int x = minX; x <= maxX; x++)
+            {
+                float vX = (x + 0.5f) / SprayRes;
+                float dx = vX - cx, dy = vY - cy;
+                float dist = Mathf.Sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy) * invR; // 0 = center, 1 = edge
+                if (dist >= 1f) continue;
+
+                float falloff = dist <= inner ? 1f : 1f - Mathf.SmoothStep(inner, 1f, dist);
+                float val = alpha * falloff;
+                int idx = row + x;
+                if (val > _sprayOpacity[idx]) _sprayOpacity[idx] = val;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void EnsureSprayBuffers()
+    {
+        if (_sprayTex) return;
+
+        _sprayTex = new Texture2D(SprayRes, SprayRes, TextureFormat.RGBA32, false, true) // linear: raw mask values
+        {
+            name = "MeshPainter_SprayMask",
+            wrapMode = TextureWrapMode.Clamp,
+            filterMode = FilterMode.Bilinear,
+            hideFlags = HideFlags.HideAndDontSave
+        };
+        _sprayPixels = new Color32[SprayRes * SprayRes];
+        _sprayOpacity = new float[SprayRes * SprayRes];
+    }
+
+    private void TeardownSpray()
+    {
+        if (_sprayTex) { Destroy(_sprayTex); _sprayTex = null; }
+        _sprayPixels = null;
+        _sprayOpacity = null;
+    }
+}

Assets/Scripts/MeshPainter.Spray.cs.meta

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+fileFormatVersion: 2
+guid: 5b607cbaf7556b3489d0ccfbd4f926dc

Assets/Scripts/MeshPainter.cs

@@ -85,12 +85,24 @@ public partial class MeshPainter : MonoBehaviour
     [Range(0f, 1f)]
     public float smoothness = 0.5f;
 
+    [Tooltip("Paint opacity for metallic + smoothness on top of the mask (1 = mask opacity " +
+             "as-is, lower = blends the metallic/smoothness target in more faintly, 0 = no-op). " +
+             "The albedo equivalent of brushColor.a, but for the metallic/smoothness channels.")]
+    [Range(0f, 1f)]
+    public float metallicSmoothnessOpacity = 1f;
+
     [Tooltip("Ambient occlusion painted into the mask map (1 = fully lit / no darkening, " +
              "0 = fully occluded / dark). NOTE: URP only darkens INDIRECT light (ambient + " +
              "reflections), so the effect is subtle under strong direct lighting. 1 = no-op.")]
     [Range(0f, 1f)]
     public float occlusion = 0.5f;
 
+    [Tooltip("Paint opacity for occlusion on top of the mask (1 = mask opacity as-is, lower = " +
+             "blends the occlusion target in more faintly, 0 = no-op). The albedo equivalent of " +
+             "brushColor.a, but for the occlusion channel.")]
+    [Range(0f, 1f)]
+    public float occlusionOpacity = 1f;
+
     [Header("Brush - emission")]
     [Tooltip("Emission color painted into the map. Alpha = global opacity multiplier on top of the mask.")]
     public Color emissionColor = Color.black;
@@ -123,6 +135,13 @@ public partial class MeshPainter : MonoBehaviour
              "stationary button no longer keeps re-stamping the same spot). OFF = continuous painting while held.")]
     public bool paintOnMoveOnly = false;
 
+    [Tooltip("Seconds between paint stamps while the button is held. 0 = paint every frame as " +
+             "an interpolated, continuous stroke (as before). Above 0 = deposit one stamp at the " +
+             "cursor every this many seconds (timed dabs, no movement interpolation - pairs well " +
+             "with the spray can).")]
+    [Min(0f)]
+    public float paintInterval = 0f;
+
     [Header("Preview")]
     [Tooltip("Brush preview at the hover point (shows size + mask without painting). " +
              "Flat Decal = a flat quad in the tangent plane (cheap). On Surface = a real " +
@@ -188,6 +207,7 @@ public partial class MeshPainter : MonoBehaviour
 
     private bool _hasLastScreen;
     private Vector2 _lastScreen;
+    private float _intervalTimer;     // accumulates while held; gates timed-dab stamping (paintInterval > 0)
     private bool _gpuActive;
     private bool _setupValid;
 
@@ -385,24 +405,24 @@ public partial class MeshPainter : MonoBehaviour
         return px;
     }
 
-    /// <summary>Bilinear sample of the resolved mask opacity at uv in [0,1]. Returns 1 (full) if no mask.</summary>
+    /// <summary>Bilinear sample of the active stamp mask opacity at uv in [0,1]. Returns 1 (full) if no mask.</summary>
     private float SampleMaskOpacity(float u, float v)
     {
-        if (_maskOpacity == null || _maskW <= 0 || _maskH <= 0) return 1f;
+        if (_stampOpacity == null || _stampW <= 0 || _stampH <= 0) return 1f;
 
-        float fx = Mathf.Clamp01(u) * (_maskW - 1);
+        float fx = Mathf.Clamp01(u) * (_stampW - 1);
-        float fy = Mathf.Clamp01(v) * (_maskH - 1);
+        float fy = Mathf.Clamp01(v) * (_stampH - 1);
         int x0 = Mathf.FloorToInt(fx);
         int y0 = Mathf.FloorToInt(fy);
-        int x1 = Mathf.Min(x0 + 1, _maskW - 1);
+        int x1 = Mathf.Min(x0 + 1, _stampW - 1);
-        int y1 = Mathf.Min(y0 + 1, _maskH - 1);
+        int y1 = Mathf.Min(y0 + 1, _stampH - 1);
         float tx = fx - x0;
         float ty = fy - y0;
 
-        float l00 = _maskOpacity[y0 * _maskW + x0];
+        float l00 = _stampOpacity[y0 * _stampW + x0];
-        float l10 = _maskOpacity[y0 * _maskW + x1];
+        float l10 = _stampOpacity[y0 * _stampW + x1];
-        float l01 = _maskOpacity[y1 * _maskW + x0];
+        float l01 = _stampOpacity[y1 * _stampW + x0];
-        float l11 = _maskOpacity[y1 * _maskW + x1];
+        float l11 = _stampOpacity[y1 * _stampW + x1];
 
         float a = Mathf.Lerp(l00, l10, tx);
         float b = Mathf.Lerp(l01, l11, tx);
@@ -509,7 +529,9 @@ public partial class MeshPainter : MonoBehaviour
             return;
 
         _previewMat.SetColor(BrushColorId, brushColor);
-        _previewMat.SetTexture(MaskTexId, _resolvedMask);
+        // Spray paints scattered dots, but the preview shows the round footprint (the area
+        // the dots land in), so the hover ring stays a stable, readable size indicator.
+        _previewMat.SetTexture(MaskTexId, spray ? _proceduralMask : _resolvedMask);
         _previewMat.SetFloat(PreviewOpacityId, Mathf.Max(0f, previewOpacity) * Mathf.Clamp01(brushColor.a));
 
         int layer = gameObject.layer;
@@ -598,18 +620,39 @@ public partial class MeshPainter : MonoBehaviour
         if (!paintCamera) return;
 
         bool anyChannel = AnyChannelActive(); // includes occlusion (matches IsChannelActive / PaintStamp3D)
-        float moveDist = _hasLastScreen ? Vector2.Distance(_lastScreen, screenPos) : 0f;
+        bool firstPress = !_hasLastScreen;
+        float moveDist = firstPress ? 0f : Vector2.Distance(_lastScreen, screenPos);
 
-        // Move-only mode: stamp once on mouse-down, then only when the mouse actually
+        bool stamp;
-        // moves - a held but stationary button no longer re-stamps the same spot.
+        if (paintInterval > 0f)
-        bool stamp = anyChannel && (!_hasLastScreen || !paintOnMoveOnly || moveDist > MoveOnlyMinPixels);
+        {
+            // Timed-dab mode: one stamp on press, then one at the cursor every paintInterval
+            // seconds while held (discrete dabs, no movement interpolation).
+            if (firstPress)
+            {
+                _intervalTimer = 0f;
+                stamp = anyChannel;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _intervalTimer += Time.deltaTime;
+                stamp = anyChannel && _intervalTimer >= paintInterval;
+                if (stamp) _intervalTimer = 0f;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Continuous mode: stamp every frame as an interpolated stroke. Move-only optionally
+            // gates it - a held but stationary button no longer re-stamps the same spot.
+            stamp = anyChannel && (firstPress || !paintOnMoveOnly || moveDist > MoveOnlyMinPixels);
+        }
 
         if (stamp)
         {
             if (_gpuActive) BeginGpuStroke();
             else ResetCpuDirty();
 
-            if (_hasLastScreen)
+            if (!firstPress && paintInterval <= 0f)
             {
                 // Interpolate along the mouse movement and re-raycast at each step so the
                 // stroke follows the mesh surface.
@@ -619,6 +662,7 @@ public partial class MeshPainter : MonoBehaviour
             }
             else
             {
+                // First stamp of a stroke, or a timed dab: a single discrete stamp at the cursor.
                 PaintAtScreen(screenPos);
             }
 
@@ -637,6 +681,11 @@ public partial class MeshPainter : MonoBehaviour
                                       out Vector3 u, out Vector3 v, out Vector3 nLocal))
             return;
 
+        // Pick what this stamp paints with: a fresh random spray pattern, or the resolved
+        // standard mask. Both backends read it through the _stamp* fields.
+        if (spray) BuildSprayStampMask();
+        else UseResolvedStampMask();
+
         if (_gpuActive) DrawBrushGpu(pLocal, radiusLocal, u, v, nLocal);
         else PaintStamp3D(pLocal, radiusLocal, u, v, nLocal);
     }
@@ -761,6 +810,7 @@ public partial class MeshPainter : MonoBehaviour
         if (_proceduralMask) Destroy(_proceduralMask);
         if (_previewMat) Destroy(_previewMat);
         if (_previewQuad) Destroy(_previewQuad);
+        TeardownSpray();
         TeardownCpu();
         TeardownGpu();
     }

Assets/Scripts/PaintHud.cs

@@ -51,7 +51,9 @@ public class PaintHud : MonoBehaviour
     private const string PickerEmission = "Picker_Emission";
     private const string SliderMetallic = "Slider_Metallic";
     private const string SliderSmoothness = "Slider_Smoothness";
+    private const string SliderMetallicSmoothnessAlpha = "Slider_MetallicSmoothnessAlpha";
     private const string SliderOcclusion = "Slider_Occlusion";
+    private const string SliderOcclusionAlpha = "Slider_OcclusionAlpha";
     private const string SliderEmissionIntensity = "Slider_EmissionIntensity";
     private const string SliderBrushSize = "Slider_BrushSize";
 
@@ -168,14 +170,16 @@ public class PaintHud : MonoBehaviour
         WirePanelFade(panel, PanelEmission, ToggleEmission);
 
         WirePicker(panel, PickerAlbedo, painter ? painter.brushColor : Color.red,
-            c => { if (painter) painter.brushColor = new Color(c.r, c.g, c.b, painter.brushColor.a); });
+            c => { if (painter) painter.brushColor = c; });
 
         WireSlider(panel, SliderMetallic, painter ? painter.metallic : 0f, v => { if (painter) painter.metallic = v; });
         WireSlider(panel, SliderSmoothness, painter ? painter.smoothness : 0.5f, v => { if (painter) painter.smoothness = v; });
+        WireSlider(panel, SliderMetallicSmoothnessAlpha, painter ? painter.metallicSmoothnessOpacity : 1f, v => { if (painter) painter.metallicSmoothnessOpacity = v; });
         WireSlider(panel, SliderOcclusion, painter ? painter.occlusion : 0.5f, v => { if (painter) painter.occlusion = v; });
+        WireSlider(panel, SliderOcclusionAlpha, painter ? painter.occlusionOpacity : 1f, v => { if (painter) painter.occlusionOpacity = v; });
 
         WirePicker(panel, PickerEmission, painter ? painter.emissionColor : Color.black,
-            c => { if (painter) painter.emissionColor = new Color(c.r, c.g, c.b, painter.emissionColor.a); });
+            c => { if (painter) painter.emissionColor = c; });
         WireSlider(panel, SliderEmissionIntensity, painter ? painter.emissionIntensity : 1f, v => { if (painter) painter.emissionIntensity = v; });
 
         WireSlider(panel, SliderBrushSize, painter ? painter.brushSize : 16f, v => { if (painter) painter.brushSize = Mathf.RoundToInt(v); });
@@ -310,7 +314,7 @@ public class PaintHud : MonoBehaviour
     }
 
     // Cached gradient sprites for the colour picker.
-    private static Sprite _satSprite, _valSprite, _hueSprite;
+    private static Sprite _satSprite, _valSprite, _hueSprite, _alphaSprite;
 
     /// <summary>Horizontal white-out: opaque white (left) -> transparent (right) = saturation.</summary>
     public static Sprite SaturationSprite()
@@ -344,6 +348,23 @@ public class PaintHud : MonoBehaviour
         return _valSprite;
     }
 
+    /// <summary>Horizontal white transparency ramp: transparent (left) -> opaque (right) = alpha.
+    /// Tinted to the current colour by the picker so it reads as a colour-over-backdrop fade.</summary>
+    public static Sprite AlphaSprite()
+    {
+        if (_alphaSprite) return _alphaSprite;
+        const int n = 64;
+        var tex = NewGradientTex(n, 1);
+        for (int x = 0; x < n; x++)
+        {
+            byte a = (byte)Mathf.RoundToInt(255f * (x / (float)(n - 1)));
+            tex.SetPixel(x, 0, new Color32(255, 255, 255, a));
+        }
+        tex.Apply(false);
+        _alphaSprite = ToSprite(tex);
+        return _alphaSprite;
+    }
+
     /// <summary>Horizontal full-saturation hue ramp 0..1.</summary>
     public static Sprite HueSprite()
     {